Jean-Paul Sartre was born on June 21st,
1905 in Paris, France. Sartre is most known for his work in
existentialism.
Sartre defined existentialism as
"someone who believes and acts upon the following proposition as
it applies to human beings: existence precedes essence". In a religious view, essence would proceed
existence such as portrayed in the creation of man where God first
thought of the idea of man, and thus created him. In Sartre's
anti-God rebuttal, he states that there is no human nature, since
there is no God to conceive it. In this sense, humans don't have
any pre-conceived notions of how they should act, unlike animals who
have predetermined instincts to kill their prey or or mate. "Each
human being creates and re-creates his or her 'essence' in every
moment through his or her choices and actions".
Although Sartre was not the only
important existentialist thinker, he was the person who got the ball
rolling and into the public's eye. His need for attention and public
affection became the drive that allowed him to publish many works,
including The Age of Reason, Transcendence of the Ego, and
Being and Nothingness. Sartre
embraced existentialism and the idea that it is a "harsh
philosophy that require[s] individuals to take complete
responsibility for every action, for what they are, and for their
worlds". This philosophy led
the French and promoted the idea of freedom while in German captivity
during World War II.